Information on Central Ohio and Columbus Ohio home mortgages and home loans including fixed rate, adjustable rate and hybrid mortgages.

Fixed Rate Mortgage:
There are generally two types:

• A 30-year fixed mortgage has the same interest rate for the entire 30 year period and is amortized over 30-years (paid in full at the end of the 30th year). You can usually pre-pay and/or refinance whenever you want. This is a conservative loan and has no rate risk. Consequently the rate is usually higher than an adjustable rate mortgage.
• A 15-year mortgage has a fixed rate but is paid off in 15 years. The monthly payment will be higher but the interest rate will be lower by about 1/2%. If you can afford the higher payment and you like the idea of the mortgage being paid off quicker then this may be appropriate for you. The bank gets less of your money in interest with this option.

Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM)
These loans are fixed for given periods of time, then adjust based on a formula. Typically the rate during the initial period prior to adjusting will be less than more conservative 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. They are most appropriate for borrowers who want to match up the term with how long they think they may own the house: Very short-term ARMs are loans that are fixed for 1 to 3 years then adjust. They are usually referred to as 1 years ARMs, 3/1 ARMs, and 3/3 ARMs. Mid-term adjustables are fixed from five to seven years then adjust. They are usually referred to as 5/1, 5/5 and 7/1 ARMs. Longer ARMs terms are fixed 10 years prior to adjusting. 10/1. How do they adjust ?
The most common adjustment comes every year after the initial fixed period. For example, a three year ARM would adjust in year four and every year thereafter. The typical limit (referred to as a cap) on how much it can adjust annually is typically 2% with a lifetime cap of 6% over the initial rate. It can go up or down depending upon what rates do.

Tip: When shopping rates for ARMs you should also ask about the lifetime interest cap and the maximum cap for each adjustment period. A lender may offer a very low teaser rate (the rate you are quoted) but if the rate can go up 3% each year instead of 2% you may find your savings being quickly erased.

There are some ARMs that only adjust once. These are fixed for the initial term then convert to the 30 year rate at the adjustment period. A three year product would stay fixed for three years, then convert in year four to whatever the 30 year fixed is at that time.

The last kind stay fixed for a given period, then adjust, but the next adjustment period is for the same time frame. It is fixed for three years, adjusts, then fixed for another three years (referred to as a 3/3). Then it adjusts again for another three years.  These are referred to as a buydown (3-1 buydown, 2-1 buydown).

The amount they adjust by is written into the note. It will normally be based on an United States Treasury rate of like duration with a margin. For example: A one year ARM will adjust by looking at the one year treasury note and adding a margin of perhaps 2.75%. These two numbers added together will determine your rate, but not more than the year one cap. Your Agent should be aware of this because the margin is not the same at all banks. If a particular lender has a low initial rate to capture your business but during the adjustment period uses a higher margin than everyone else, then your rate will be more expensive over time. Your Agent should be shopping the margin as well as the rate.

What kind of borrower should be interested in an ARM ?

• If you know that you will only live in the house for 3 to 5 years, then why pay for the security of a 30-year fixed rate loan? You should see what the rates are for 3 and 5 year ARMs. You can use ARMs to match the term of the loan with the length of time you intend to live in the house.
• The lower initial rate may help you qualify for a larger mortgage. This is appropriate for buyers who otherwise would not be able to afford the house they want to purchase.
• If you believe rates will be going down in the next few years. Remember that it is difficult to predict the behavior of rates, especially one to three years into the future.
• You have expectations of an increasing income. If you are confident that your income will increase enough to cover the potential of increases in your mortgage when it adjusts, then you are minimizing your exposure to risk. It is also appropriate if you have debts or payments that are going to be going away.

Hybrid Products
These are specialized products. They are literally too numerous to mention all of them. The following examples will give you a good idea of available options:

• 3% to 0% Down Payment. The better your credit score the cheaper the mortgage available. If you have credit issues these may not be available or be too expensive.
• First and second mortgages combined. These are sometimes called 80/10/10 or 80/15/5 mortgages. The 80/10/10 is a first mortgage of 80%, a second mortgage of 10% and equity of 10%. The 80/15/5 just changes the proportions. With an 80% first mortgage there is no PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance), which can be expensive and is not tax deductible. The second mortgage interest is generally fully deductible, which will generate a larger tax deduction. The second may also be designed as a line of credit, which allows the borrower to pay it off quickly or pay interest only, and borrow it back if needed.
• No PMI loans. Some lenders will self-insure the mortgage and not charge you PMI. They add a premium to the mortgage rate. The advantage is that the payment may be less and it will be fully deductible. The disadvantage is the rate premium stays with the mortgage until its is paid off or refinanced.
• Marginal credit borrowers have many opportunities with B and C lenders. They will pay a premium but they can also refinance when their credit improves and then take advantage of cheaper conventional rates. Usually requires a larger down payment.
• Buy Down Mortgages. The most common form of a buy down is a 2-1 Buy Down. The first year's rate will be 2% below your note rate. The second year's rate will be 1% below your note rate. Starting the third year the rate will be the note rate. Buy Downs are appropriate for people who want to purchase a more expensive house than they would usually qualify for. (The lender will use the lower initial rate). Don't think you are getting a great deal for free. The lower initial rates are possible because you are borrowing more money up front and the lender is using the excess funds to make up the difference in the mortgage payment during the first two years. For example: If the market rate on a 30 year fixed mortgage is 8% then the 2-1 Buy Down in year three might be 8.25%. That would make the first years's rate 6.25% and the second year rate 7.25%.  This will cause you to pay more the longer you stay in the home.